The result of rock blasting is often known as a rock cut. Dredging and blasting environmental management plan bhp. Pdf study on the attenuation characteristics of seismic. With the offered approach, it is possible to set initial drilling and blasting geometrical patterns and explosive charge parameters related with rock mass characteristics. Blast pattern the plan view of the drill holes as laid out for blasting. University of rizona mining and geological engineering. This document provides a set of standards that will be addressed in site sops. Pdf underwater drilling and blasting for hard rock dredging in. Underwater drilling and blasting the drilling of blast holes for underwater blasting is carried out with drilling rigs mounted on pontoon or barge. To study the characteristics of underwater shock waves in underwater drilling blasting under complex sea conditions, a type of effective test method based on actual field test conditions was established, and large numbers of underwater shock waves were measured. Investigation of the propagation characteristics of. In drill and blast tunnelling, clearance of the muck lies on the critical path, which means that each minute saved here shortens the round cycle and thus the overall construction time.
Regulatory agencies that influence underwater blasting 2. Chapter 8 blast design figure 82 staggered pattern figure 83 sing. In underwater drilling and blasting engineering, the altitude effect must be reflected in predicting vibration velocity due to the complex water medium conditions and monitoring environment. Slow penetration, excessive drill noise, and vibration indicate a hard rock that will be difficult to break. Norsk forening for fjellsprengningsteknikk nff med. Underwater blasting experiences in estonia ingo valgma, paul vesiloo department of mining tallinn university of technology several cases in estonian drilling and blasting activities are related to high groundwater level or sea water. An observant blasting driller can be of great help in assessing rock variations that are not apparent from the surface. Underwater drilling is the first part of the process during which drilling is done to make bore holes in the rock to place charges or explosives for blasting. International journal of surface mining, reclamation and environment. Where drilling and blasting conditions are both severe, the operator should use premium explosives, at least in the bottom one third of the drill hole. Blasters training modules module 4 blasthole drilling. It is incumbent on the operator to evaluate these conditions and to obtain good coupling between monitoring instrument and the surface to be monitored. Underwater rock blasting for dredging dredging industry challenges ports and. Dredging including drill and blast of remaining bedrock and weathered rock and disposal of the.
Pdf underwater drilling and blasting used for rock dredging is associated with several unwanted effects having potential to cause damage to. Optimized design of drilling and blasting operations in. Handbook on surface drilling and blasting download ebook. In normal blasting all holes do not blast at the same time. Drilling and blasting in quarries and opencast mines, currently the company drills and blasts approximately 41 million tonnes per annum throughout the u. Sites have varying levels of interaction with blasting contractors. Limestone and dolostone are laying mostly horizontally and often it is covered. Purpose th is policy outlines minimum requirements for surface blasting at all fcx operations.
Underwater drilling and blasting for hard rock dredging in indian. Underwater drilling and blasting is used very often to accomplish the excavation part of hard rock dredging. Bench blasting is normally carried out as short delay blasting. Wasa dredging is a highly specialized, market leading company in the field of drilling and blasting underwater bedrock. In order to investigate the propagation and attenuation laws of blasting induced water bottom vibration, a water bottom vibration monitor was developed with consideration of the difficulties. The aim of this study is to propose a novel model for predicting peak particle velocity. Therefore, it is expedient to blast underwater rock with an increased powder factor providing guaranteed crushing of the underwater rock mainly to the size of rubble. Systematic drilling and blasting for surface excavations distribution restriction statement approved for public release. Works will commencein the northern area first foll owed by the southern areas including the southern breakwater trenches. The drilling and blasting can be done from the surface via floating pontoons and selfelevating, spudded platforms.
Drilling and blasting is the controlled use of explosives and other methods such as gas pressure blasting pyrotechnics, to break rock for excavation. Underwater drilling blasting has significant vibrational attenuation effects compared to deephole blasting. The purpose of drilling into rock is to provide a blasthole into which explosives can be loaded. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. No drilling or digging shall be permitted until all missed. Choosing the right type of explosives is crucial in underwater blasting and a few important factors to consider are. This blasting plan describes the blasting operations that may occur during construction of the 650 project. Iadc presents facts about underwater drilling and blasting. Pdf underwater drilling and blasting for hard rock. Best practices guide for close proximity blasting operations. While previous research has focused on optimizing these operations as two separate parts or merely in a specific parameter, this paper proposes a system dynamic model sdm for drilling and blasting operations as an interactive system.
Blast hole drill underwater trench or area blasting single stroke drilling 2 4 6 m boom length single or multiple drill heads carbon, or stainless steel frame standard and custom made models operating depth diver limits benefits. Commercial explosives used in underwater blasting d. The firing pattern has to be designed so that each blasthole has free breakage. Scope this policy applies to all fcx employees and contractors involved in blasting activities. Once drilling has taken place the process of blasting begins. Discontinuities that are near perpendicular to the borehole are much more likely to be intersected during the drilling process than discontinuities that are near parallel to the borehole. Researcharticle investigation of the propagation characteristics of underwater shock waves in underwater drilling blasting xinliu,1 wenbingu,1 jianqingliu,1 zhenxiongwang,2 jinglinxu,1 andtaocao1 e armyengineeringuniversityofpla,nanjing, china. Underwater drilling and blasting kraken drill boat. Underwater drilling and blasting for harbour deepening and pipeline construction. Environmentally friendly product for underwater blasting applications. The firing sequence of a chevron pattern can radically alter the drilled burden and spacing into the blasted or effective burden be. Underwater drilling and blasting for hard rock dredging in. Drilling and blasting are the two most significant operations in open pit mines that play a crucial role in downstream stages.
Click download or read online button to get handbook on surface drilling and blasting book now. Proceedings of the institution of civil engineers, volume 56, issue 4, 1 nov 1974 479495 discussion. The hardness, toughness and strength of the rock to be drilled determine the requirements for the drilling tools. University of rizona mining and geological engineering rock excavation mne 415 515. Experience in removing blasted underwater rock springerlink. New gpsenabled applications have improved strata recognition capabilities that help drill and blast engineers develop more appropriate and more suitable blast designs. Autostem non detonating cartridges used for underwater blasting with no shockwave.
The field practice recommendations are intended to serve as general guidelines, and cannot describe all types of field conditions. Wasa dredging is operating two combined dredging drilling units. Part 1 prev next underwater drilling and blasting for rock dredging. Good drilling practices include carefully monitoring drill rig operating parameters, taking careful notes of the changes in geology. It is practiced most often in mining, quarrying and civil engineering such as dam, tunnel or road construction. Using sf as 18 and q as 216 kg evaluated in section 3. Kraken drill boat 549 south street, quincy, ma 02169 t. The process also often includes overburden drilling od. Drilling and blasting for civil engineering purposes roads, harbours, dams, etc. With the large powder factor necessary for good crushing of the rock, the cost of drilling and blasting operations increases somewhat by about 710%, i. Study on the robust regression of the prediction of. Experimental study on the measurement of water bottom. Underwater drilling and blasting was used for about 25,000 m3 of hard rock dredging during construction of a second liquid chemical berth by mumbai port trust.
Underwater drilling and blasting for hard rock dredging in indian ports a case study article pdf available december 2015 with 2,019 reads how we measure reads. Blasthole drilling this module presents aspects of surface drilling that are important to blasting operations. Before the blasting takes place, the drilling rig bores the drill holes determined in advance in a blasting plan in the foremst front wall of the tunnel working face. Drilling, blasting, and dredging of blasted bedrock shall not start on site until this method statement and the underwater noise and passive acoustic monitoring procedure has been approved by mslot. We are blasting up to 1 million m3 of bedrock on a yearly basis. Due to the lack of proper instrumentations and the difficulties in underwater measurements, the studies about water bottom vibration induced by underwater drilling blasting are seldom reported. The purpose of this blasting is to provide projectspecific plan. Fast penetration and a quiet drill indicate a softer, more easily broken zone of rock. The more solid the rock, the more explosives are required.